What Is Candidal Balanoposthitis? Candidal balanoposthitis is the inflammation of both the glans penis and the foreskin. It is caused by the fungi Candida albicans. It is also called candidal balanitis or thrush in men. Different species of Candida are responsible for causing most types of yeast infections. What Causes Candidal Balanoposthitis? The most common cause is a fungal infection with Candida albicans. Candida is normally found on the surface of the skin and mucous membrane. But in individuals with weak immune systems and poor hygiene, this fungus can grow too much and causes symptoms. What are the signs and symptoms of Candidal Balanoposthitis? It does not cause any symptoms…

So, basically, there are two case studies here: One with Bowenoid Actinic Keratosis and Second with Bowen’s Disease. Both of these cases were treated with Ingenol mebutate (IM), a topical pharmacotherapy approved in Switzerland in 2012 for treating non-hyperkeratotic and non-hypertrophic actinic keratosis (AK). The first case of bowenoid AK was treated with 150 μg IM for 3 continuous days with an almost complete decrease in the lesion. The second case of Bowen’s disease was treated with 500 μg IM for 2 continuous days leading to a complete decrease in the lesion. Case 1: The first case was a 78-year-old female patient who was confirmed with bowenoid AK at the…

Gnathophyma rosacea is a rare subtype of rosacea that results in the swelling of the chin. What is the treatment for Gnathophyma rosacea? Possible topical treatments include metronidazole cream, azelaic acid, atenolol, and clonidine Possible oral antibiotics include metronidazole, clarithromycin, minocycline, doxycycline, cephalosporins, ivermectin, and oral isotretinoin. But, only antibiotics and oral isotretinoin can reduce phymas. To treat severe types of phymas one can make use of carbon dioxide laser and surgery. Note: make sure to consult a professional dermatologist as they can only the best treatment that is suitable for you.

Otophyma rosacea is a rare subtype of rosacea that results in disfigurement of the outer ears. This subtype of rosacea is seen more in men than women. In very rare cases otophyma may cause conductive hearing loss because of the obstruction of the external auditory canal. Otophyma rosacea can be seen as edematous swelling with or without erythema and peau d’orange appearance is characteristic while papules and pustules are absent. What is the treatment for Otophyma rosacea? Debulking surgery is an option with excision of the lymphedematous skin, and Defect closure by free skin transplant. Defect closure can be done with split-skin or full-skin transplants. Decortication is another surgical option…

Metophyma rosacea is a subtype of rosacea that affects the forehead and results in swelling. What is the treatment for Metophyma rosacea? Early identification and treatment can help with metophyma rosacea. Topical treatments (like metronidazole cream, azelaic acid, atenolol, and clonidine) and oral antibiotics (like metronidazole, clarithromycin, minocycline, doxycycline, cephalosporins, ivermectin, and oral isotretinoin) may help. But, treatments will vary depending on the severity of your phyma. Metophyma is a rare subtype and only an experienced and professional dermatologist can really provide proper treatment for you.

Papulopustular rosacea is a subtype of rosacea that is mistaken for acne. It begins with pus-filled blemishes or swollen bumps that form together on your skin. They appear mainly on the cheeks, forehead, and chin. What causes Papulopustular rosacea? Sunlight Smoking Spicy food, hot drinks, and chocolate High temperatures. Alcohol High stress Exercise Some medications and supplements. What are the symptoms of Papulopustular rosacea? flushing Swelling, and breakouts that resemble acne. What is the treatment for Papulopustular rosacea? Combining topical treatments with oral antibiotics is the treatment for papulopustular rosacea. Topical treatments: Topical treatments include metronidazole, ivermectin, azelaic acid, and dapsone. Metronidazole: Metronidazole works as an anti-inflammatory drug by changing neutrophil…

Phymatous rosacea also known as Rhinophyma rosacea is a rare disfiguring disease that affects the nose. Other phymas include otophyma (it affects the ears), metophyma (it affects the forehead), gnathophyma (it affects the chin), and blepharophyma (eyelids). There are 4 types of rhinophyma that include fibrous, glandular, fibroangiomatous, and actinic. Phymatous rosacea was thought to be caused by heavy alcohol use, but phymatous occurs equally in people who do not use alcohol and those who drink heavily. The only problem is that it is much more common in men than in women. What causes Phymatous rosacea? What are the symptoms of Phymatous rosacea? What triggers Phymatous rosacea? What is the…

Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea is a subtype of rosacea most characterized by its flushing, background erythema, and telangiectasia. It may also be accompanied by burning, stinging, or facial edema. What causes Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea? Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea arises from a dysregulation in the cutaneous vasomotor response, triggered by hormonal, thermal neurogenic, topical, or other stimuli and it results in an abnormal and persistent dilation of facial blood vessels. What is the current treatment for Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea? Topical treatments like metronidazole, oxymetazoline hydrochloride, 0.05%, laser therapy, azelaic acid, and brimonidine can also be used to treat erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Metronidazole: Metronidazole works as an anti-inflammatory drug by changing neutrophil chemotaxis and inactivating reactive oxygen species. Metronidazole…

What are topical calcineurin inhibitors? Topical calcineurin inhibitors work by altering the immune system and it helps to treat atopic eczema. There are two types of topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs): Tacrolimus ointment (Protopic) used for treating moderate to severe eczema. Pimecrolimus cream (Elidel) used for treating mild to moderate eczema. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are used to treat atopic eczema in adults and children over 2 who don’t respond or who cannot tolerate conventional therapies such as topical steroids. They are used to treat and prevent flares. When can topical calcineurin inhibitors be used? TCIs are suitable for delicate areas of the skin, such as the face, eyelids, neck, skin folds,…

Pompholyx eczema is also known as dyshidrotic eczema. It is a type of eczema that affects the hands and feet. In most cases, it can develop into itchy, watery blisters, mostly affecting the sides of the fingers, palms of the hands, and the soles of the feet. Some people also have a combination of pompholyx eczema and other types of eczema on their hands and feet. It is more common in women. What causes pompholyx eczema? The exact causes of pompholyx eczema are not known, but it is thought that factors such as sensitivity to metal (compounds such as nickel, cobalt, or chromate), stress, heating, and sweating can aggravate this…